Science · Particles & Reactions
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Secondary 1 · Science · Topic Drill

Chemical Reactions &
Particle Model

States of matter · Changes of state · Chemical vs physical changes
17 questions · self-marked · 25 marks

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FuseSchool · States of Matter FuseSchool · Changes of State FuseSchool · Diffusion FuseSchool · Physical vs Chemical Changes BBC Bitesize · Particle Model More videos → Next: Atoms & Energy (SA2) →
⚛ Particle Model 🌡 Changes of State 🧪 Chemical Reactions ⭐ Challenge
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Section A

Particle Model & States of Matter

The particle model: all matter is made of tiny particles. In solids, particles are close together in a regular pattern and vibrate in fixed positions. In liquids, particles are close but can slide past each other. In gases, particles are far apart and move fast in all directions.
Try it — switch the state and watch the particles
State: SOLID — particles packed in a regular pattern, vibrating in fixed positions
Q1
A solid keeps its own shape, but a liquid takes the shape of whatever it is poured into. Which difference in the particles explains this?
1 mark
A solid's particles are locked to one spot; a liquid's can slip over one another
A solid's particles are much larger than a liquid's
A solid has no gaps at all between its particles, whereas a liquid does
A solid's particles are completely still, whereas a liquid's vibrate
Q2
In which state of matter do particles have the most energy and move the fastest?
1 mark
Solid
Gas
Liquid
They all have the same energy
Q3
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of…
2 marks
Equal concentration to equal concentration
Low concentration to high concentration
High concentration to low concentration
It only happens in solids
Q4
Why does a gas fill its entire container?
1 mark
Gas particles are heavy and fall to the bottom
Gas particles move randomly in all directions and spread out to fill the space
Gas particles are attracted to the walls of the container
The container shrinks to fit the gas
Q5
Gas pressure inside a sealed container is caused by…
2 marks
Gas particles sticking to the walls of the container
Gas particles getting heavier over time
Gas particles colliding with the walls of the container
The container walls pushing inwards
PARTICLE MODEL — SECTION SCORE
0/7
🌡
Section B

Changes of State

Changes of state are physical changes — no new substance is made. The particles are the same, only the arrangement and energy change. Melting (solid→liquid), Boiling/Evaporation (liquid→gas), Condensation (gas→liquid), Freezing (liquid→solid), Sublimation (solid→gas directly).
Q6
What is the name of the change of state when a solid turns into a liquid?
1 mark
Q7
What is the name for the change when a liquid turns into a gas at its boiling point?
1 mark
Melting
Evaporation
Condensation
Boiling
Q8
What is condensation?
1 mark
Solid turning into a liquid
Liquid turning into a gas
Liquid turning into a solid
Gas turning into a liquid
Q9
During melting, heat is being added but the temperature stays constant. Why?
2 marks
The thermometer is broken
The energy is being used to break the bonds between particles, not to raise the temperature
The particles stop moving entirely
Heat escapes to the surroundings exactly as fast as it is added
Q10
What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
1 mark
They are exactly the same thing
Boiling happens at the surface; evaporation happens throughout
Evaporation is faster than boiling
Evaporation happens only at the surface at any temperature; boiling happens throughout the liquid at one fixed temperature
CHANGES OF STATE — SECTION SCORE
0/6
🧪
Section C

Chemical vs Physical Changes

Physical change: no new substance is made — you can reverse it (melting ice, dissolving sugar). Chemical change (reaction): a new substance IS made — usually hard to reverse (burning, rusting). Signs of a chemical reaction: colour change, gas produced, temperature change, precipitate forms.
Q11
Which of these is a chemical change (a new substance is formed)?
1 mark
Iron rusting
Sugar dissolving in tea
Ice melting into water
Cutting paper into pieces
Q12
Which set of observations would tell you a chemical reaction has taken place?
2 marks
The substance changes shape and size only
The substance dissolves and you can get it back by evaporating the water
A colour change occurs, bubbles of gas are produced, and the mixture gets hot
The substance melts when heated and freezes when cooled
Q13
A student mixes 12 g of substance A with 8 g of substance B in a sealed container. After the reaction finishes, what is the total mass of the products?
1 mark
g
Q14
Magnesium burns brightly in air:
Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium Oxide
What type of reaction is this?
2 marks
Oxidation (combustion) — a substance reacts with oxygen
Decomposition — a substance breaks down
Neutralisation — an acid reacts with a base
Dissolving — a substance mixes with water
Q15
When an acid reacts with a carbonate, a gas is produced that turns limewater milky. Name this gas.
1 mark
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
CHEMICAL REACTIONS — SECTION SCORE
0/7
⭐
Section D

Challenge Questions

Q16 ⭐
Challenge: A student heats a beaker of ice starting at −5 °C. Which statement best describes what happens to the temperature as heat is added continuously?
3 marks
The temperature rises steadily from −5 °C to 100 °C without stopping
The temperature rises to 0 °C and stays flat (ice melts), rises again to 100 °C and stays flat (water boils), then rises above 100 °C
The temperature jumps straight to 100 °C as soon as heat is applied
The ice melts immediately at −5 °C without any temperature change
Q17 ⭐
Challenge: In a sealed flask, 56 g of iron reacts completely with 32 g of sulfur. The only product is iron sulfide. What is the mass of iron sulfide produced?
2 marks
g
CHALLENGE — SECTION SCORE
0/5
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