SA2 · 22 May 2026
← All sheets
⏱
00:00
Score
0 / 0
Secondary 1 · Semester 2 Assessment Revision

S1 Science
SA2 Revision

Science — All Units
42 questions · 50 marks · self-marked
🧪 Gases & Liquid 🫁 Respiration & Blood ⚛ Atomic & Chemistry 🏃 Health, Speed & Forces 🌍 Earth & Ecosystems 💡 Light & Colour
🧪
Section A

Gases & Liquid

Topics: Paper Chromatography · Gas Particles & Pressure · Concentration of Solution
S1
How does paper chromatography separate the dyes in ink?
1 mark
Heat melts the dyes and they spread at different rates
Electricity pulls the dyes apart by their charge
A solvent moves up the paper; dyes with higher solubility travel further, separating at different distances
The paper absorbs all dyes equally regardless of solubility
S2
Lily uses chromatography on letter ink and inks A, B, C, D. The ink from the letter produced spots at exactly the same positions as one of the inks. Which ink was used to write the letter?
1 mark
Ink A
Ink B
Ink D
Ink C
S3
Safia places a sealed balloon in water at 10 °C, then moves it to water at 50 °C. What happens to the diameter of the balloon?
1 mark
The diameter increases
The diameter stays the same
The diameter decreases
The diameter first increases then decreases
S4
Using ideas about particles, explain why the balloon expands when placed in hotter water.
2 marks
The gas particles get physically bigger and take up more space
At higher temperature, gas particles gain kinetic energy, move faster, and collide with the balloon walls more frequently and with greater force, pushing the walls outward
The gas particles escape through the balloon surface into the water
The cold water at 10 °C was compressing the balloon from outside
S5
Which formula correctly defines pressure?
1 mark
Pressure = Force × Area
Pressure = Force ÷ Area
Pressure = Area ÷ Force
Pressure = Mass × Gravity
S6
Which statement about the concentration of a solution is correct?
1 mark
A more concentrated solution has less solute dissolved per unit volume
Concentration does not depend on the amount of solute
A more concentrated solution has more solute dissolved per unit volume
Pure water has the highest possible concentration
GASES & LIQUID — SECTION SCORE
0/7
🫁
Section B

Respiration & Blood

Topics: Aerobic Respiration · Mitochondria · Red & White Blood Cells · Plasma · Diffusion
S7
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
2 marks
Carbon dioxide and water
Glucose and oxygen
Lactic acid and carbon dioxide
Oxygen and glucose
S8
Where in a cell does aerobic respiration take place?
1 mark
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
S9
The rate of aerobic respiration is higher in muscle cells than in other cells. What is the best reason for this?
1 mark
Muscle cells are larger than other cells
Muscle cells contain more oxygen than other cells
Muscle cells need more energy for contraction and movement
Muscle cells do not have a nucleus
S10
Which type of blood cell carries oxygen around the body?
1 mark
Platelets
Red blood cells
Plasma
White blood cells
S11
In a blood diagram: W = small round cells with no nucleus; X = large irregular cells (white blood cells); Z = tiny fragments (platelets). Which letter shows the oxygen-carrying cells?
1 mark
Z (tiny fragments)
X (large, irregular)
W (small, round, no nucleus)
The liquid between the cells
S12
When a person has an infection, the number of white blood cells increases rapidly. Why?
1 mark
To carry more oxygen to repair damaged tissue
To fight the infection by engulfing and destroying pathogens
To clot the blood at the site of infection
To transport nutrients to the infected area
S13
What is the name of the liquid part of blood?
1 mark
S14
Which substance is transported by the liquid part of blood?
1 mark
Glucose (dissolved food)
DNA from the nucleus
Cell walls of bacteria
Solid mineral crystals
RESPIRATION & BLOOD — SECTION SCORE
0/9
⚛
Section C

Atomic Structure & Chemistry

Topics: Rutherford Model · Nucleus & Electrons · Exothermic Reactions · Temperature Changes
S15
In the Rutherford model of the atom, where is the nucleus located?
1 mark
On the outer edge of the atom
Spread evenly throughout the atom
In the centre of the atom
In the electron shells, orbiting at distance
S16
What charge does the nucleus carry?
1 mark
Positive
Neutral (no charge)
Negative
It varies depending on the element
S17
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Where are the electrons found?
1 mark
In orbits or shells around the nucleus
Inside the nucleus alongside the protons
Between the nucleus and the cell membrane
Randomly scattered throughout the atom with no fixed position
S18
Chen investigates magnesium + dilute hydrochloric acid. Results:
Exp 1: start 21 °C → end 34 °C → change 13 °C
Exp 2: start 22 °C → end 36 °C → change ?
Calculate the temperature change in Experiment 2.
1 mark
°C
S19
The temperature increased during the magnesium + acid reaction. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Choose the answer with the correct explanation.
1 mark
Endothermic, because the temperature decreased
Endothermic, because the temperature increased
Exothermic, because the temperature increased — heat energy was released
Exothermic, because the temperature decreased
S20
What happens to the temperature of the surroundings in an endothermic reaction?
1 mark
The temperature increases — heat is released
The temperature decreases — heat energy is absorbed from surroundings
The temperature stays the same
First decreases then increases
S21
Chen adds magnesium to dilute sulfuric acid and measures temperature every 10 seconds until the reaction stops. Which statement best describes the temperature trend?
2 marks
Temperature increases rapidly at first, then the rate of increase slows, then levels off/stays constant as the reaction ends (magnesium used up)
Temperature decreases steadily throughout the reaction
Temperature increases steadily at the same rate throughout
Temperature stays constant then drops suddenly when the reaction stops
ATOMIC STRUCTURE & CHEMISTRY — SECTION SCORE
0/8
🏃
Section D

Health, Speed & Forces

Topics: Joints & Antagonistic Muscles · Speed = Distance ÷ Time · Distance–Time Graphs · Turning Moments · Pressure
S22
What type of joint is the elbow?
1 mark
Ball-and-socket joint
Fixed joint
Pivot joint
Hinge joint
S23
Muscles work in pairs to move bones. What word describes muscles that work in opposing pairs like the bicep and tricep?
1 mark
Antagonistic
Parallel
Symmetric
Balanced
S24
When the lower arm bends upward at the elbow, what happens to the bicep (muscle A)?
1 mark
It relaxes and lengthens
It stays the same length
It contracts then immediately relaxes
It contracts and shortens
S25
Yuri runs a 100 m race in 13 seconds. Calculate his average speed. Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
2 marks
m/s
S26
On a distance–time graph of Yuri's run, which feature shows that Yuri is stationary (resting)?
1 mark
A steep upward slope
A flat (horizontal) section — distance not changing
A downward slope
A curved section
S27
A beam on a pivot has a 4 N weight placed 3 m to the left. Calculate the anticlockwise moment.
1 mark
N m
S28
The same beam has a 6 N weight 2 m to the right of the pivot (clockwise moment = 12 N m). Is the beam balanced? Choose the answer with the correct reasoning.
1 mark
No — the left weight is smaller so the beam tips left
Yes — both moments are equal (12 N m = 12 N m)
No — the clockwise moment is larger
Yes — because both weights are the same distance from the centre
S29
A camel weighs 4000 N with feet area 2000 cm². A horse weighs 4000 N with feet area 400 cm². Oliver says "The pressure on the ground is the same from both animals." Is Oliver correct?
2 marks
No — the camel has larger feet so exerts less pressure (2 N/cm²) than the horse (10 N/cm²)
Yes — both animals have the same weight so pressure is equal
No — the horse has larger feet so exerts less pressure than the camel
Yes — pressure only depends on mass, not area
S30
An aeroplane has thrust = air resistance, and upthrust = weight (all forces balanced). How does the aeroplane move?
1 mark
It accelerates forward
It decelerates and slows down
It moves in a circle
It moves forward at constant speed
HEALTH, SPEED & FORCES — SECTION SCORE
0/11
🌍
Section E

Earth, Ecosystems & Space

Topics: Ecosystems · Invasive Species · Climate Cycles · Galaxies & Solar System · Earth's Magnetic Field
S31
What is an ecosystem?
1 mark
Only the animals living in a particular area
Only the plants in a particular habitat
All the living organisms and their non-living environment in an area, and the interactions between them
The weather and climate of a region
S32
European rabbits were introduced into Australia and their numbers increased rapidly. What are the best two reasons for this rapid increase?
2 marks
Plenty of food (grassland) and few or no natural predators in Australia
Warm weather and high salt content in the soil
Many diseases to keep the population healthy and many predators
They were bred in laboratories to reproduce quickly
S33
Rabbits are herbivores. Suggest how a large number of rabbits damages an ecosystem.
1 mark
They attract more predators which damage the ecosystem
They prevent soil erosion by digging burrows
They increase oxygen production in the area
They eat large amounts of vegetation, reducing food available for native animals and disrupting food chains
S34
What is meant by an invasive species?
1 mark
A species that is native to an area and has lived there for thousands of years
A species that migrates seasonally between countries
A species that is endangered and needs protection
A species introduced to a new area that spreads rapidly and harms native species and ecosystems
S35
Fossils show iguanodons (tropical animal, warm climate, 120 million years ago) and woolly mammoths (cold climate, 4000 years ago) both lived in Europe at different times. What does this suggest about Earth's climate?
1 mark
Earth's climate has always been warm in Europe
Earth's climate cycles between warm and cold periods over very long timescales
Earth's climate has always been cold in Europe
Climate change only started in the last 100 years
S36
What name is given to a large group of stars, such as the Milky Way?
1 mark
Solar system
Universe
Constellation
Galaxy
S37
The Milky Way contains stars and planets. Name one other type of matter found in the Milky Way.
1 mark
Liquid ocean water
Carbon dioxide gas only
Asteroids
Plastic debris
S38
What name is given to the Sun and all its orbiting planets?
1 mark
The Milky Way
A galaxy
The Universe
The Solar System
S39
The diagram shows Earth's internal layers: A = outermost layer, B = middle layer, C = innermost layer. Which layer is responsible for generating Earth's magnetic field?
2 marks
Layer A — the crust
Layer B — the mantle
The atmosphere, not an internal layer
Layer C — the core
EARTH, ECOSYSTEMS & SPACE — SECTION SCORE
0/11
💡
Section F

Light & Colour

Topics: Earth's Magnetic Field (equipment) · Reflection · Law of Reflection · Incident & Reflected Rays
S40
Which piece of equipment is used to find the direction of Earth's magnetic field?
1 mark
Compass
Voltmeter
Forcemeter (newton meter)
Electromagnet
S41
In a reflection diagram: A = ray coming in from upper-left; B = dashed line perpendicular to mirror (normal); C = ray going out to upper-right; D = ray below mirror. Which pair shows the incident ray and reflected ray?
1 mark
A and B
A and C
B and C
C and D
S42
Which statement correctly describes the law of reflection?
2 marks
The angle of incidence is always 90°
The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, both measured from the normal
The reflected ray always travels horizontally away from the mirror
The reflected ray travels in the exact opposite direction to the incident ray
LIGHT & COLOUR — SECTION SCORE
0/4
—
Gases & Liquid—
Respiration & Blood—
Atomic & Chem—
Health, Speed & Forces—
Earth & Ecosystems—
Light & Colour—
Time—