SA2 FOCUS · Gases & Liquids
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Secondary 1 · SA2 Topic Focus · Section A

Gases, Liquids
& Chromatography

Chromatography · Gas particles & pressure · Concentration
15 questions · self-marked · drill until 100%

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🎨 Chromatography 💨 Gas Particles & Pressure 🧪 Concentration
🎨
Part 1

Paper Chromatography

How it works: a solvent soaks up the paper and carries the dyes with it. More soluble dyes travel further, so a mixture separates into spots at different heights.
Q1
How does paper chromatography separate the dyes in an ink?
2 marks
Heat melts the dyes and they spread out
Electricity pulls the dyes apart by their charge
A solvent moves up the paper; dyes that are more soluble travel further, so they separate at different distances
The paper absorbs every dye by exactly the same amount
Q2
In chromatography, what is the job of the solvent (e.g. water)?
1 mark
To colour the paper blue
To dissolve the dyes and carry them up the paper
To heat the dyes until they evaporate
To stop the dyes moving at all
Q3
Lily runs chromatography on the ink from a letter and on four pens A, B, C and D. The letter's ink makes spots at exactly the same heights as pen D. What does this tell her?
1 mark
Pen D contains the same dyes as the letter ink, so it probably wrote the letter
Pen A wrote the letter
The spots being the same height means nothing
The letter was written in pencil
Q4
Why must the starting ink spots be drawn above the level of the solvent (water) at the start?
1 mark
So the dyes do not simply wash off into the water before they can travel up the paper
So the paper stays dry
To make the experiment finish faster
It does not matter where the spots go
CHROMATOGRAPHY — SECTION SCORE
0/5
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Part 2

Gas Particles & Pressure

Key idea: gas particles move quickly in all directions. They cause pressure by colliding with the walls of their container. Heating them makes them move faster → more collisions → more pressure.
Q5
A sealed balloon is moved from water at 10 °C into water at 50 °C. What happens to its size (diameter)?
1 mark
It gets smaller
It stays exactly the same
It bursts immediately every time
It gets bigger (expands)
Q6
Using ideas about particles, why does the balloon expand in the hotter water?
2 marks
The gas particles themselves grow bigger
The particles escape through the balloon into the water
The particles gain energy, move faster, and hit the balloon walls more often and harder, pushing them outward
The cold water was squeezing the balloon before
Q7
What actually causes a gas to press on the walls of its container?
1 mark
Gravity pulling the gas down
The walls pulling the gas inward
The gas dissolving into the walls
The gas particles colliding with the walls
Q8
A gas is sealed in a rigid metal can (so it cannot expand) and then heated. What happens to the pressure inside?
1 mark
It decreases
It increases — faster particles hit the walls more often and harder
It stays the same
The gas turns into a solid
Q9
Which formula correctly defines pressure?
1 mark
Pressure = Force × Area
Pressure = Area ÷ Force
Pressure = Force ÷ Area
Pressure = Area × Time
GAS PARTICLES & PRESSURE — SECTION SCORE
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🧪
Part 3

Concentration of Solutions

Words to know: the solute is what dissolves (e.g. sugar); the solvent is what it dissolves in (e.g. water); together they make a solution. More solute per volume = more concentrated.
Q10
Which statement about the concentration of a solution is correct?
1 mark
A more concentrated solution has less solute per unit volume
A more concentrated solution has more solute dissolved per unit volume
Concentration has nothing to do with how much solute there is
Pure water is the most concentrated solution
Q11
In salt water, the salt is the substance that dissolves. What is the salt called?
1 mark
Q12
Beaker X has 10 g of sugar in 100 ml of water. Beaker Y has 30 g of sugar in 100 ml of water. Which solution is more concentrated?
1 mark
Beaker X
Beaker Y
They are exactly the same
You cannot tell
Q13
You have a glass of strong (concentrated) orange squash. How can you make it more dilute (weaker)?
1 mark
Stir it harder
Add more squash concentrate
Pour some away
Add more water (more solvent)
Q14
When sugar dissolves in water, what happens to the sugar particles?
1 mark
They spread out and mix evenly between the water particles
They disappear and stop existing
They turn into water
They sink to the bottom and stay solid
Q15
A solution looks a darker colour than another made from the same coloured solute. What does the darker colour usually suggest?
1 mark
It is more concentrated (more solute per volume)
It is more dilute
It contains no solute
It is colder
CONCENTRATION — SECTION SCORE
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